Friday, August 31, 2012

The Importance of Research before Writing

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The Importance of Research before Writing

Author: Kristen Stewart

Many people come up with an idea for an essay and they start to write, and usually what they will come up with is a base of where their focus will be, throughout the research process. Even if you are writing an essay on the benefits of vitamin C and you know all there is to know about vitamin C off the top of your head, you still need to research. Why? You need a comprehensive reference list. Also, you could think you know everything about a certain subject, but really what you know are half-correct amalgamations of facts. Research will solidify your understanding and knowledge of the subject you need to write about.

After the initial stage of choosing or coming up with a question, the next stage should be research, or in other words reading. Reading around your topic, and taking notes and mapping out where your argument will lie, is just as important as the writing process. It is during the research process that you will find the crux of your argument – that eureka moment that all of us have, when after eight hours in the library, we find what we have been looking for. Research can also uncover things that perhaps haven't been examined for a long time. There have been instances where new information is combined with old information in an academic's brain and together, these have given a whole new stance on a certain topic. What I mean is never underestimate the power of thorough research!

Here are some words of wisdom. Be careful during the research process – don't accept things at face value, especially if they are secondary sources. Find the original source and if you can, read that and quote directly. You'll be surprised to find that sometimes secondary quotations can be misquoted in order to fit into someone's argument, and at times can also have misspellings. Also, be especially careful when you are researching online. There are some solid sources on the Internet, but these can be coupled with flawed sources. It must be said here, by all means use Wikipedia as a starting point, but never, ever, ever reference Wikipedia in the body of your argument. It is a public encyclopaedia that anybody can change – for better and for worse.

Research, plan, write, edit and send your work to a professional proofreader who will help you iron out the kinks, and highlight instances where you may need to go back to your notes and pad out your argument. Imagine if you wrote an essay based on what you thought, and didn't research it at all – remember what we said about generalisations? Your entire argument will be one and you could be accused of plagiarism, which is something none of us want.

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Friday, August 24, 2012

How to Write an Education Business Proposal

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How to Write an Education Business Proposal

How to Write an Education Business Proposal

Author: Ian Lauder
Do you have an idea for a new educational program or service? Maybe you want to apply for a government grant for an after-school program for middle school kids, organize a private high school, or develop a network of tutors for hire.

How are you going to get the money you need and explain your ideas to the influential people who can make it happen? The best way is to master the art of writing a proposal.

If you are replying to an RFP (Request for Proposal) or applying for a specific grant, you need to follow any instructions specified in the RFP or grant application as precisely as possible. An RFP response typically requires combining government agency forms with topics you need to write from scratch - based on what the RFP asks you talk about.

All proposals follow a basic structure: introduction, the recipient/client-oriented section, the description of proposed goods and/or services, and then the proposal writer/supplier-oriented section. The content of each section will vary from one proposal to the next, but this sequence of sections should stay the same.

Let's break down those sections further. The introduction section is the shortest. The very first thing you'll want for your proposal is a Cover Letter. A Cover Letter should be brief, and it should contain the following four elements: a brief explanation of who you are, a statement about why you are submitting this proposal at this time, a statement of what you want the reader to do after reading your proposal--call for a meeting, sign the contract, etc., and all your contact information so the reader can easily call you with questions or to accept your proposal.

The very first page of your proposal package should be a Title Page--just name your proposal something appropriate, like "Advanced Science Seminars Offered for the Jacobi School Gifted Program" or "Proposal to Create a New Charter School in the West Valley School District." Next, if your proposal is long and detailed, you may want an Executive Summary or Client Summary Page, which is a summation of the most important points you want to make, and a Table of Contents to help readers easily see the contents and navigate through the proposal. That's all for the introduction section.

The next section should be focused on the proposal recipient or client. Depending on what you are proposing, the readers you want to target might be members of a grant committee, potential students, parents of students, teachers, school administrators, a loan committee, or a governmental organization. It's important to consider them carefully, and tailor your information to them. What do they want to know? What concerns might they have? Are there scheduling or budget restrictions? At the very least, this client-oriented section should have a Requirements page that summarizes what they have asked for, or what you believe they need. You may also want pages like Schedule, Deadlines, Limitations, Budget, Goals, Considerations, Special Needs, and so forth, to describe in detail your understanding of what the client needs. This is not yet the time to brag about your proposed program or your organization. Keep this section focused on information about what the client wants or needs.

The next section is a description of your ideas. Be sure to match them up with the previous section, explaining how you can address the client's needs, how the client will benefit from your proposed program, and what your proposal will cost to implement. Don't use generic sales jargon. Instead, be as specific as possible about what you plan to do. This section could contain a wide variety of topic pages, like Classes, Equipment, Schedule, Staff, Venues, Tutoring, Testing, Mentoring, Evaluation, and so forth--you'll include whatever you need to thoroughly describe your proposal. At a bare minimum, you'll want a Services Offered, Benefits, and a Cost Summary page in this section.

After you have thoroughly described what you want to do and how much it will cost, it's time to tell the proposal readers all about you in the final section. What makes you or your organization qualified to take on this job? It's not enough to simply say "I can do it" or boast about how smart you are. Keep in mind that it's always best to provide evidence or testimonials from other parties than to do your own bragging. Do you have special Training, Certifications, or Education? Do you have an extensive Company History, a long list of Clients, or years of Experience in the field? Have you won Awards? Do you have Testimonials or Case Studies to offer to show how you have been successful in the past? Include any information that helps persuade the clients that you have the knowledge and professionalism to carry out your proposal promises.

At this point, you will have completed the first draft of your proposal. Congratulations! Now for the finishing touches. Have a qualified proofreader or editor read through your draft and fix any grammatical or spelling errors. It's always best to enlist someone who is not familiar with your ideas to do this. That person is much more likely to catch errors and ask important questions than someone who knows your proposal well. It would be especially embarrassing to submit an error-ridden proposal for an education project, wouldn't it?

After the words are perfect, make sure each page looks good, too. You might want to use visual details like splashes of color in titles or special bullet points to add interest, but keep the overall look professional.

That's it! Print out your proposal or package it into a PDF file, and deliver it to the client or committee. Be sure to use whichever delivery method was specified by the client, or deliver it in the way you believe will most impress the recipients (email, upload to a web server, print and mail, etc.). Remember, you want your proposal to succeed, not end up in the heap with a hundred others, so it might be worthwhile to hand-deliver it or use another special method. Then, after a reasonable period of time, follow up with a phone call to make sure your proposal was received and give the clients a chance to ask questions.

After you have written one proposal, you'll find that the next one is easier and faster to write, and that you can re-use a lot of the same information in multiple proposals. But it's important to customize each one to the specific recipient; that's the difference between proposal writing and mass marketing.

Proposal writing packages can make your proposal writing and formatting easier. A pre-designed proposal kit will include hundreds of templates, including all the ones mentioned above. You can find a page for almost any topic. The writing and details to include are up to you, but each template in a kit includes examples and instructions that remind you of typical information for that topic, so you'll feel like you have a guide throughout the writing process.

Use a professionally designed proposal kit, so your proposal will look great, too. You can find kits with design themes or insert your own company logo. Make sure to use a kit that includes a large collection of sample proposals, too, including some education-oriented ones. Sample proposals give you ideas of contents and looks for finished proposals. You'll find that a pre-designed proposal kit gives you a big head start on your first proposal.


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Ian Lauder has been helping small businesses and freelancers write their proposals and contracts since 1997. => For more tips and best practices when writing your business proposals and legal contracts visit http://www.proposalkit.com

Friday, August 17, 2012

How to Write a Fashion Business Proposal

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How to Write a Fashion Business Proposal

How to Write a Fashion Business Proposal

Author: Ian Lauder
The world of fashion is huge and international, and it includes many different types of businesses.

There's the design group: businesses that design patterns, fabrics, notions, accessories, makeup, and lines of clothing.

There's the manufacturing group: businesses that create and package all those items. All those goods have to move around the planet, so there are specialists in importing or exporting clothes and accessories.

And then there are specialists in showcasing and marketing fashions, such as catalog companies, modeling agencies, fashion show production professionals, fashion experts at magazines and on television, photographers, makeup artists, and hair stylists. Even a few niche businesses are included in the fashion realm, such as costume design and makeup for movies, collectors of vintage clothing, and even doll clothes and accessories. The list is endless.

The competition is endless in the fashion world, too. So if you're in charge of one of these businesses, you're always looking for new clients and new projects. How can you beat the competition and land those contracts? You need to learn how to write a business proposal. This is true whether you need to impress a potential client, secure funding to grow your business, or even sell your business or find a partner.

Writing a business proposal doesn't need to be a daunting project. After you understand the standard structure and focus of a proposal, you'll be able to fill in the pages pretty quickly. And when your first proposal is complete, you'll find it much easier to write the next one, and the next.

The first and most basic idea you need to master is that a good proposal is not focused on you. It should be focused on your prospective client or partner--the person who will read your proposal. That reader might be the loan officer at the bank where you're applying for a business loan, the designer whose clothing line you want to manufacture, the production company you are pitching your services to, or the retail chain you want to sell clothing to. Throughout the proposal writing process, put yourself in that party's shoes and consider what they want from you at each step.

All good proposals follow this structure: introduction, client-centered section, description of proposed goods and/or services, and supplier-centered section. The pages in the last three sections will differ depending on your business and what you are proposing, but this sequence of sections should remain the same whether your proposal is four pages long or twenty.

What would you, as a prospective client, want to see as an introduction to a proposal? A Cover Letter, of course. When writing your cover letter, be sure to answer these four questions for the reader: Who are you? Why are you sending this proposal now? What do you want the reader to do next? How can the reader contact you to get more information or accept the proposal?

Next, provide a Title Page, which is precisely what it sounds like. Just give your proposal a logical descriptive name, like "Fashion Show Proposal for QRX Design Company" or "Fabrication and Shipping Services Proposed for West Coast Shops" or "Proposal to Establish a New Consignment Clothing Boutique."

If your proposal has a lot of pages and details, next you might want to include a Client Summary (a one-page summary of the most crucial details you want even the busiest reader to absorb) and a Table of Contents. That's all you need for the Introduction section.

On to the client-centered section: this is where you need to prove that you understand your potential client. Provide all the information you know about their needs and requirements for this project. If you're writing a proposal to get a loan, this section could be as simple as a list of requirements you know you must meet. But if you're writing a complex proposal, this section could be much longer. For example, if you're producing a proposal to stage a fashion event, you might write pages about the client's need for a venue of a certain size and type, the need to hire models, makeup and hairstyling experts, specialists in lighting and sound, possibly videographers and photographers, the need to notify and invite the media, and so forth. If you're proposing to sell your clothing line to a store, you might discuss their sales seasons, advertising needs, packaging and shipping concerns, and so forth. As well as detailing all the desires of the client, write down any constraints you're aware of--budget, special needs of any kind, deadlines that must be met, etc. The goal of this section is to prove you understand what the client needs. At the very least, you'll need a topic page labeled something like Needs or Requirements or Specifications. But if the project has many different aspects, you'll need many more topic pages to cover what the client is looking for.

After the client-centered section, write your description of exactly what you are proposing and what it will cost. Do you plan to open a new hair salon? Are you selling jewelry to compliment a clothing line? Are you providing marketing services for a product launch? Are you proposing to design unique evening wear for the wealthiest clients? At a bare minimum, this section should contain a list of Products or Services Provided, a description of Benefits, and a Cost Summary. But the odds are that you will need many more topics, such as Style, Trends, Lifestyle, Concepts, Aesthetics, Accessories, Materials, Venue, Personnel, Schedule, Equipment, Options, Specials, etc.--include all the topics you need to explain about the goods or services you propose to provide. At each step of the way, describe how what you are offering will meet or exceed the client's requirements that were described in the previous section--in other words, how your goods and/or services will benefit the client. If you offer a Guarantee of satisfaction or a Warranty on your products, include that information, too.

Now, in the final supplier-centered section, it's time to persuade the client that you are the best choice for the project. This section should have at least one page explaining Company History or Experience. If you are the star, this section might even include your Resume. Keep in mind that it's always more persuasive to let facts or third parties demonstrate your qualities, so if you have lists of Clients Served or similar Projects you've done, special Training or Certifications, Awards, or Testimonials from satisfied customers, by all means add those. If you have helpful Alliances or Contacts that would be useful, include those, too.

If you need appendices, such as sketches, maps, photographs, charts, or lists of suppliers, etc., those will go at the end, but otherwise, you're finished writing your proposal.

But you're not quite done. This is the fashion world, and you have competition, so take the time to be sure your proposal is error-free and looks good, too. This means careful proofreading and formatting. Special fonts, colored titles or borders, logos, and unusual bullet points can add visual appeal. Remember that you want your proposal to represent you at your professional best.

After every page has been perfected, print the proposal or create a PDF file and deliver it to your prospective client in whatever way is likely to impress that party (email, upload to your web site, print and mail, etc.). It might be worthwhile to hand-deliver a proposal package or pay for a special delivery to make your offering stand out above the competition.

While your first proposal might take awhile to create, you'll learn that all subsequent proposals will be faster, and you can re-use some of the same information in each. But remember that a good proposal should always be client-centered, and this means that each proposal will be customized to the particular client and project.

It's possible to create a business proposal with any word processing system, but to speed up the process, you should consider using a pre-designed proposal kit. A kit will come with hundreds of topic templates including all of the those mentioned above, scores of sample proposals, and even contracts you can adapt for your use. Each template has instructions and examples to guide you as you write, and the sample proposals will show you what a finished proposal might look like and include. You can find kits in a variety of graphic designs to represent your organization's style, or you can use your own company logo. A ready-made kit will give you a big head start on writing your proposals, and a big jump on your competition in the fashion world.


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Ian Lauder has been helping businesses and freelancers write their proposals and contracts since 1997. => For more tips and best practices when writing your business proposals and legal contracts visit http://www.proposalkit.com

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